Patagonia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Patagonia - Research Paper Example The close relation between the two is underscored by the fact that it is by closely monitoring performance that the attainment of performance target or the incurring of performance gap can be realized. From then on, it is in order that formal education should be applied. Patagonia also factors job experience as a strategy to the attainment of organizational goals. This is because; Patagonia believes that job experience is commensurate to the realization of skills necessary to the improvement of organization. Patagonia also considers interpersonal skills and relations as being indispensible to the attainment of organizational goals. This is because, good interpersonal relations foster intra-organizational communication. To this effect, Patagonia arranges for meetings, parties, recreations and get-togethers to closely knit itself. With the harnessing of interpersonal relations, employees forge team spirit better and foster cooperation at the intra-organizational level. Likewise, a sense of accountability is inculcated upon employees as they are subjected to performance/job assessment on regular basis. Likewise, Patagonia’s employees acquire more and newer skills from formal education and as they continue to gain longer job experience, and thereby helping them build and strengthen intellectual capital. With the heightened and newly-acquired intellectual capital, Patagonia is able to enjoy efficiency in production. Efficiency ensures that resources and organizational synergies are minimally used, for optimal results. This eventually ushers in surplus capital. In this surplus capital, Patagonia has a source of plough-back profit to further stimulate and propound business

Organizational Risks & Mitigation Methods Essay Example for Free

Organizational Risks Mitigation Methods Essay As per our discussion last week I’ve prepared this memo that outlines the risks that CWTI faces and methods of mitigation for those risks. The goal of this exercise is to have a starting point for establishing a risk management process within CWTI. Below I’ve identified risks and provided suggested methods of mitigation for each. I’d like to point out that while most of these risks have more than one potential mitigation method, I chose to present the method I believe would be most successful for CWTI. 1.)Risk of fluctuation in foreign exchange rates –USD receivables Mitigate using control method ie. forward contracts, hedging etc. 2.)Risk of fluctuation in interest rates – USD loan Mitigate using control method ie. forward contracts, hedging etc. 3.)Risk of supply shortage/delay due to truck breakdowns Mitigate using diversification ie. Have alternative options of transportation readily available 4.)Risk of losing major customer Mitigate using diversification ie. Try to gain other customers in need of timber 5.)Risk of losing timber licenses Mitigate using control technique ie. Establish strong internal controls regarding the requirement to clear and replant and ensure to measure controls. 6.)Risk of non-compliance with national stock exchange requirements Mitigate using control technique ie. Establish strong internal controls regarding compliance requirements for stock exchange. 7.)Risk of inventory shrinkage due to theft, damage Mitigate using sharing/transferring technique ie. Purchase insurance for buildup of inventory 8.)Risk of supply delay if sawmill equipment goes down, staff turnover/lack of skilled staff Mitigate using diversification technique ie. Have alternative options of production in the event either of these occur 9.)Risk of delay/damage/lost shipment to overseas market Mitigate using sharing/transferring technique ie. Purchase additional insurance that would cover this 10.) Risk of timber market/supply – what if something happens to forest? Fire, bug infestation Mitigate using diversification ie. Find other supplies of timber 11.) Risk of reputation – environmental groups if CWTI doesn’t live up to the clearing/replanting requirement Mitigate using control ie. Establish strong internal controls to ensure all clearing/replanting requirements are being fulfilled. 12.) Risk of not meeting financial obligations due to delayed/infrequent receivables – CWTI operates year round but majority of payment only gets received around December January (based on 60/90 day terms) Mitigate using diversification ie. Find more new customers that require timber throughout the year to balance the cash flow. We can further discuss other mitigation methods should you please. I look forward to your feedback.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Essay -- Psychology, Rational Behavioral

Brief history of the theory and theorist. In it's simplest form, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, (or CBT as it will be referred to from here on out), refers to the approach of changing dysfunctional behaviors and thoughts to realistic and healthy ones. CBT encompasses several types of therapy focusing on the impact of an individual's thinking as it relates to expressed behaviors. Such models include rational emotive therapy (RET), rational emotive behavioral therapy (REBT), behavior therapy (BT), Rational Behavior Therapy (RBT), Schema Focused Therapy, Cognitive therapy (CT). Most recently a few other variations have been linked to CBT such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), dialectic behavioral therapy (DBT), and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) (Harrington and Pickles, 2009). The main aspect that all of these branches of therapy share, is that our thoughts relate to our external behaviors. External events and individuals do not cause the negative thoughts or feelings, but, instead the perception of events and situations is the root cause (National Association of Cognitive Behavioral Therapists, 2010). The idea of thoughts as they connect to behaviors can be traced back to Epictetus (55 AD -135 AD , Greek Stoic and Philosopher). He stated, â€Å"Men are not disturbed by things, but by the view which they take of them (Epictetus and Higgonson, 1944). Epictetus also wrote, â€Å"Do not strive for things occurring to occur as you wish, but wish things occurring as they occur, and you will flow well (Epictetus and Lebell, 1994).† In other words, see things for what they really are and good health will follow (Romaneck, 2007).† Another belief was that a sage or teacher was immune to unhappiness and misf... ...cur via story, instruction or through music enhancement (Deggs & Davis, 49. 2011). Homework for CBT clients may include reading suggested articles or books, taking surveys, journaling, recording thoughts and challenging negative automatic thoughts, creating timetables and graded exposures (slowing bringing feared items to the forefront). Guided discovery, structured sessions, homework and collaboration. Socratic reasoning/questioning (open questioning). Challenging NATS (Negative Automatic Thoughts), challenging core beliefs. ERP (exposure and response prevention). Cognitive behavioral therapy uses the ABC model. A stands for action or activating event, B represents beliefs or thoughts that are created from the activating event, and C represents consequences or how we react to the event. Homework is a key component of this therapy.

How does Curleys Wife appear to be weak In Of Mice and Men and how does she manipulate her power? Essay

Power has an important role to play in Steinbeck’s ‘Of Mice and Men’ throughout the whole novel. Power is displayed through authority, wealth, control, strength, and status – and the quantities of these that each character possesses determines their place in the hierarchy of power in the novel. Curley’s Wife is considered one of the weak ones, because of a lack of some of these attributes. The most obvious evidence that gives this point substance is her name – Curley’s Wife. This directly shows her status in society, and how her authority is affected by her husband. She is not given her own name in the novel, instead taking Curley’s name – becoming a sort of extension of Curley. She is not independent, as she does not have her own separate name, and shows that her position of authority is lower than Curley’s – he is the dominant one. Her status is lower than Curley’s because she does not have her own separate title, and gets objectified towards Curley – she is â€Å"Curley’s† rather than her own self. Due to the context of the time, being a woman gave you a lower social status than men – many were seen as second rate to their male equivalents. They had less power than men, this was displayed through having less rights, particularly when it came to democracy and voting – less control. She was confined by her social status as a woman. This makes her level of power in the novel significantly lower than Curley’s – adding to the idea that she is presented as one of the weak ones. Despite her social status as a white woman, she manages to manipulate her position over others that she deems weaker than her. Although she is a woman, she is a white American, and this means that automatically she has a social power over the black population – in the context of time and due to racism this was widely accepted. A clear example of this is given by Steinbeck when she tries to talk with Candy, Crooks, and Lennie in Crook’s room. She is not wanted by any of those three characters, and Crooks, filled with hope about the dream farm that they had been discussing, turns to her and says that he would ‘ast the boss not to ever let you come in the barn no more’. Curley’s Wife takes advantage that her social role is higher up in terms of power compared to Crooks, simply because she is a ‘white woman.’ She says that she could get Crooks ‘strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t even funny.’ This is a threat towards Crooks, and it is a threat that carries weight because it has happened before and could happen to Crooks. Crooks reduces himself ‘into nothing’ and had ‘no personality, no ego-nothing to arouse either like or dislike’. He shrivels back so much and this shows the extent to which Curley’s wife can manipulate her power. Although out of the characters introduced to the reader in Of Mice and Men she appears to be one of the weak ones, because of the social hierarchy that existed in 1920’s America, she is able to exert her power over a select group of people – namely Crooks and all black people. Although Candy is theoretically more powerful than her simply because his social status as a white man at that time was considered more powerful than a white woman. But Curley’s Wife manipulates Candy’s physical weakness, and calls him a ‘lousy ol’ sheep’ and the whole group of them ‘bindle stiffs.’ She is prepared to talk to them in such a way that she’s sure that they wouldn’t be able to properly retaliate. At the beginning of her entrance she says that Crook’s room is where they left all the ‘weak ones’ – evidence for this point. Out of all the characters introduced to the reader in Of Mice and Men Curley’s Wife appears to be one of the weak ones, because of the social hierarchy that existed in 1920’s America. However, she is able to exert her power over a select group of people – namely Crooks and all black people because of her role in society – a white female.

Duties of A Teacher Essay

BEFORE A STUDENT BECOMES A STUDENT TEACHER HE NEEDS TO PASS THE GENERAL EDUCATION PROGRAM OF THE COLLEGE. THE COURSES IN EDUCATION ARE DESIGNED TO GIVE INSIGHTS INTO THE SOCIOLOGICAL, PHILOSOPHICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL AND ANTHROPOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION, THE CURRICULUM, METHODS OF TEACHING, UTILIZATION OF INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES, TECHNIQUES OF EVALUATION AND THE PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES OF SCHOOL PERSONNEL. INDICATED BELOW ARE THE DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE STUDENT TEACHER. 1. SET CLEAR PURPOSES — COMPETENT TEACHERS HAVE CLEAR PURPOSES IN MIND FOR EACH LEARNING EXPERIENCE. EACH DAILY LESSON PLAN, EACH UNIT OF STUDY, CONTRIBUTES TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF WORTHWHILE PURPOSES. 2. STUDY INDIVIDUAL AND CLASS NEEDS — HE FORMULATES PURPOSES AND BASES HIS PLANNING ON THE SPECIFIC NEEDS, ABILITIES, ACHIEVEMENT AND INTERESTS OF THE PUPILS WITH WHOM HE IS WORKING. 3. STUDY THE COMMUNITY — THIS IS DONE TO GAIN UNDERSTANDING OF CHILDREN AND THEIR HOME BACKGROUND. 4. PROVIDE A BALANCED PROGRAM — UTILIZE TEACHER’S GUIDES, TEACHER’S MANUALS, COURSES OF STUDY AND OTHER CURRICULUM MATERIALS. 5. MAKE EFFECTIVE PLANS —GOOD PLANNING INVOLVES BRINGING TOGETHER CLEAR PURPOSES,  KNOWLEDGE OF THE CHILDREN AND THE COMMUNITY AND SUGGESTIONS FROM CURRICULUM GUIDES AND TEACHER’S MANUAL. 6. MAKE CONTENT MEANINGFUL — A THOROUGH KNOWLEDGE OF THE SUBJECT MATTER AND USE OF EFFECTIVE METHODS FOR DEVELOPING BOTH THE MEANING AND THE SIGNIFICANCE OF WHAT IS TAUGHT. 7. PROVIDE FOR INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP WORK —INDIVIDUAL WORK IS PROVIDED TO ENSURE THAT THE SPECIFIC NEEDS OF EACH LEARNER ARE MET. GROUP WORK IS PROVIDED WHEN COMMON NEEDS AND PURPOSES OF THE ENTIRE CLASS, OR A GROUP WITHIN THE CLASS ARE TO BE MET. 8. PROVIDE A GOOD ENVIRONMENT FOR LEARNING — IT SHOULD BE A HEALTHFUL ENVIRONMENT WITH PROPER LIGHTING, VENTILATION AND TEMPERATURE. THE ROOM SHOULD BE INVITING AND CHAL- LENGING TO CHILDREN. 9. USE APPROPRIATE METHODS AND MATERIALS — EMPLOY SKILLS IN USING THE MOST EFFECTIVE METHODS AND INSTRUCTIONAL RESOURCES. 10. EVALUATE FROM THE BEGINNING TO THE END — APPRAISAL OF CHILDREN’S LEARNING AND VALUE OF VARIOUS METHODS AND MATERIALS SHOULD BE DONE. 11. MAINTAIN PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIP —RELATIONSHIPS WITH ONE’S CO-WORKERS, PUPILS, PARENTS, THE COMMUNITY AND THE PROFESSION, ARE CLEARLY OUTLINED IN THE CODE OF ETHICS FOR SCHOOL PERSONNEL. IN ORDER TO CARRY OUT THE AFOREMENTIONED DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES, THE FOLLOWING  EXPECTANCIES SHOULD BE BORNE IN MIND. STUDENT TEACHING IS THE CULMINATION OF ANY TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAM, AND STUDENT TEACHERS REPORT THAT IT IS THE MOST CRITICAL ELEMENT OF THEIR PREPARATION. IT REPRESENTS THEIR BEST OPPORTUNITY FOR APPLYING THE RESEARCH, THEORY, AND BEST PRACTICES THEY HAVE LEARNED IN UNIVERSITY CLASSROOMS; RECEIVING FREQUENT, EXPERT SUPPORT AND FEEDBACK; AND REFLECTING ON AND LEARNING FROM THEIR PRACTICE. IT IS DURING THIS TIME THAT STUDENT TEACHERS BEGIN TO DEVELOP THEIR PERSONAL TEACHING STYLES AS WELL AS THEIR UNDERSTANDING OF HOW SCHOOLS  OPERATE. WE LOOK TO YOU TO HELP THEM ALSO DEVELOP A SENSE OF PROFESSIONAL EFFICACY, A COMMITMENT TO HIGH STANDARDS FOR ALL STUDENTS, AND THE HABITS OF MIND OF A GOOD TEACHER, INCLUDING THE HABITS OF REFLECTIVE PRACTICE, CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT, AND LIFELONG LEARNING. The Role of the Cooperating Teacher THE COOPERATING TEACHER PLAYS A CRITICAL ROLE AS THE STUDENT TEACHER’S MODEL AND MENTOR AND HAS GREAT INFLUENCE OVER THE STUDENT TEACHER’S LEARNING EXPERIENCE. STUDENT TEACHERS TEND TO ADOPT THE PRACTICES OF THEIR COOPERATING TEACHERS, SOMETIMES WITHOUT QUESTION,  ASSUMING THAT THEY HAVE NO CHOICE. WE ENCOURAGE YOU, HOWEVER, TO ENGAGE YOUR STUDENT TEACHERS IN ONGOING CONVERSATIONS ABOUT YOUR PRACTICE AND TO ENCOURAGE THEM TO ASK QUESTIONS, TO THINK FOR THEMSELVES, TO SHARE WHAT THEY OBSERVE ABOUT YOUR CLASSROOM AND PRACTICE WITH YOU, AND TO BE WILLING TO SUGGEST TO YOU AND TRY OUT STRATEGIES AND METHODS THEY HAVE LEARNED WITH WHICH YOU MIGHT NOT BE FAMILIAR. OVER TIME, AS STUDENT TEACHERS GET TO KNOW YOU, YOUR CLASSROOM, AND YOUR STUDENTS, WE ASK THAT YOU INCREASE THEIR CLASSROOM AND INSTRUCTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES UNTIL THEY CAN  BECOME PARTNERS WITH YOU IN TEACHING YOUR STUDENTS. YOU DO NOT NEED TO SURRENDER YOUR CLASSROOM TO YOUR STUDENT TEACHER (NOR SHOULD YOU). WE EXPECT YOU TO WORK COLLABORATIVELY AND PRODUCTIVELY TOGETHER TO OFFER ENRICHED INSTRUCTION AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDIVIDUAL ATTENTION TO YOUR STUDENTS. WHEN THE COLLABORATION BETWEEN COOPERATING TEACHER AND STUDENT TEACHER WORKS WELL, THE STUDENTS BENEFIT THE MOST. PLANNING FOR THE ARRIVAL OF THE STUDENT TEACHER 1. THE COOPERATING TEACHER WELCOMES THE STUDENT TEACHER THE INITIAL DAYS OF STUDENT TEACHING ARE CRUCIAL FOR THE STUDENT TEACHER. EACH  COOPERATING TEACHER SHOULD ENSURE THAT THE STUDENT TEACHER FEELS WELCOME. INTRODUCTIONS TO TEACHERS AND STAFF MEMBERS, AS WELL AS OTHER PERSONNEL EMPLOYED IN THE SCHOOL, ARE IMPORTANT. THE STUDENT TEACHER SHOULD KNOW ABOUT THE BUILDING AND GROUNDS, MATTERS OF SCHOOL ROUTINE, AND APPROPRIATE WORKING RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER MEMBERS OF THE SCHOOL STAFF. 2. THE COOPERATING TEACHER INTRODUCES THE STUDENT TEACHER INTO THE CLASSROOM A DESK OR TABLE IS ALWAYS USEFUL FOR THE STUDENT TEACHER. THE STUDENT TEACHER SHOULD BE INTRODUCED TO THE STUDENTS IN A WAY THAT ENCOURAGES THEM TO RESPOND TO THE  STUDENT TEACHER AS A CLASSROOM TEACHER. Importance of NCBTS AS A PRACTICE TEACHER, KNOWING AND UNDERSTANDING THE NCBTS IS VERY IMPORTANT. THE NCBTS DEFINES WHAT IS EFFECTIVE TEACHING AND WHO IS AN EFFECTIVE TEACHER. THIS MEANS THAT I SHOULD USE THE NCBTS AS MY GUIDE IN MY PRACTICE TEACHING. IF I USE THIS AS A GUIDE, IT WILL HELP ME IMPROVE HOW I MAKE MY LESSON PLANS AND TEACH MY PUPILS. ALSO, THE NCBTS CAN ALSO SERVE AS MY BASIS IF I AM DOING THE APPROPRIATE THINGS IN MY LESSONS AND FOR MY PUPILS. I MAKE USE OF THE NCBTS BY ANALYZING FIRST ON ITS CONTENTS THEN TRYING TO APPLY IT IN REAL TEACHING. FOR EXAMPLE, SHOWING COURTESY AND RESPECTING EVERYONE AT ALL TIMES. I DO THIS BY ACKNOWLEDGING THAT CTS HAVE MORE EXPERIENCES IN HANDLING DIVERSE PUPILS AND LOOKING TO THEM AS MORE KNOWLEDGEABLE THAT THEY DESERVE HIGH REVERENCE FOR THEIR WORK. ON THE OTHER HAND, I DO THIS TO MY PUPILS BY NOT HUMILIATING THEM IN CLASS. I RESPECT THEIR ANSWERS AND OPINIONS IN DISCUSSIONS AS NCBTS WAS A PART OF THE BENCHMARK OF PRACTICE TEACHING, I WILL ALSO USE IT AS MY BENCHMARK IN MY TEACHING FIELD. I WILL TRY MY BEST TO APPLY THE COMPETENCIES AND FOLLOW THE RULES OR TIPS STIPULATED IN IT. I WILL USE IT AS MY GUIDE IN TEACHING AND IN MANAGING THE CLASS. FOR THE PROBLEMS THAT I MAY ENCOUNTER, I WILL USE IT AS MY â€Å"KEY ANSWER† IN SOLVING MY PROBLEMS. NCBTS WILL HELP ME TO BE AN EFFECTIVE AND EFFICIENT TEACHER. THESE WILL HELP ME TO TEACH HOW TO LEARN, PROBLEM SOLVE, AND SYNTHESIZE THE OLD WITH THE NEW. THESE WILL SERVE AS MY GUIDE AND MY BASIS. I MAKE USE THE NCBTS AS MY FRAMEWORK IN MY REMAINING PRACTICE TEACHING BY TAKING IN-DEPTH THE CONTENTS OF IT THEN PERFORM THE NECESSARY INDICATORS OF EACH DOMAIN. THE IMPORTANT CONCEPTS MUST BE IN MIND ALWAYS AND ABLE TO PORTRAY IT. FOR EXAMPLE, I DEMONSTRATE PUNCTUALITY IN ALL ASPECTS IN THE FIELD SUCH COMING TO SCHOOL BEFORE THE CALL TIME AND PASSING OF REQUIREMENTS; ESTABLISH AND MAINTAIN A GOOD ATMOSPHERE INSIDE THE CLASSROOM DURING THE TEACHING-LEARNING PROCESS AS WELL AS TO THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUPILS TO PUPILS, PUPILS TO TEACHERS AND TEACHERS TO TEACHERS BY BEING A GOOD ROLE MODEL TO EVERYONE AND ACT PROFESSIONALLY; AND TEACH EFFECTIVELY AND EFFICIENTLY TO ATTAIN THE HIGHER LEARNING OF EACH PUPILS BY USING VARIED STRATEGIES AND ACTIVITIES WHICH CAN ASSESS, EVALUATE AND TEST THEIR HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS. I MAKE USE OF NCBTS AS: †¢ MY GUIDE FOR ME TO BE EFFECTIVE IN DELIVERING MY LESSONS †¢ MY BENCHMARK IN PLANNING, CREATING AND PUTTING INTO ACTIONS ACTIVITIES AND STRATEGIES THAT PROMOTES EQUALITY AMONG MY DIVERSE LEARNERS †¢ MY CHECKLIST OF THE THINGS I NEED TO DO FOR ME TO DEVELOP AND GROW AS A TEACHER †¢ MY DAILY REMINDER OF THE THINGS I SHOULD AND I SHOULDN’T DO AS A FUTURE TEACHER. IT REMINDS ME OF MY DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES AS A PRACTICE TEACHER †¢ MY IMPROVEMENT/ DEVELOPMENT METER AS I VENTURE THE WORLD OF PRACTICE TEACHING How to Improve your Oral Communication Skills 1. BE SURE OF YOURSELF. YOU SHOULD BE CONFIDENT BEFORE YOU START TALKING. 2.. BE CONCISE AND CLEAR. DO NOT ADD IRRELEVANT STUFF IN YOUR SPEECH. 3.. READ A LOT. IF YOU HAVE KNOWLEDGE YOU CAN TALK ABOUT ANYTHING AND EVERYTHING. 4.. MAKE SOME MENTAL NOTES FIRST. YOU SHOULD BE PREPARED ABOUT WHAT YOU ARE GOING TO TALK ABOUT. THERE MUST BE A RELATION BETWEEN YOUR MIND AND YOUR WORDS. IT WOULD NOT LOOK GOOD IF YOU STOP BETWEEN A CONVERSATION AND START TO THINK. 5. TRY TO ADD HUMOR. BUT IT SHOULD BE UP TO THE MARK. VULGAR JOKES CAN BE A GREAT TURN OFF. 6. RELAX. YOUR BODY LANGUAGE SHOULD BE RELAXED. YOU SHOULD NOT STIFFEN UP. DO NOT SPEAK IN HURRY, AS IT WILL MAKE THE LISTENER THINK THAT YOU ARE CONFUSED OR YOU HAVE CRAMPED THE SPEECH. 7. MAKE EYE CONTACT. IT IS SO IMPORTANT. BUT IF YOU ARE FACING A CROWD YOU SHOULD NOT LOOK AT ONE FOR MORE THAN 5 SECONDS. ACTIVE LISTENING – THIS IS A KEY ELEMENT OF ORAL COMMUNICATION. ACTIVE LISTENING IS PROACTIVE RATHER THAN PASSIVE. IT INVOLVES LISTENING TO AND UNDERSTANDING WHAT IS BEING SAID – AND WHAT IS NOT BEING SAID. IT PICKS UP ON VERBAL COMMUNICATION, THE SPOKEN WORD, AND NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION SUCH AS BODY LANGUAGE. IT LISTENS TO THE STORY BEING TOLD  AND ALSO TO THE FEELINGS AND EMOTIONS EXPRESSED; IT INVOLVES READING BETWEEN THE LINES, IDENTIFYING WHAT HASN’T BEEN SAID, AND ATTEMPTING TO UNDERSTAND WHY. DEAF PEOPLE CAN BE EXCELLENT LISTENERS EVEN THOUGH THEY MAY NOT BE ABLE TO HEAR; IN ADDITION TO LIP READING, THEY HAVE TO PAY PARTICULAR ATTENTION TO BODY LANGUAGE, GESTURES AND FACIAL EXPRESSIONS TO DETERMINE THE MEANING OF WHAT IS BEING SAID. PRESENTATIONS – TAKE OPPORTUNITIES TO PARTICIPATE IN GROUP AND INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATIONS DURING YOUR COURSES AND EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITIES. THE ABILITY TO PERFORM IN PRESENTATIONS IS A SKILL HIGHLY VALUED BY MANY EMPLOYERS. DISCUSSIONS – DEVELOP THE CAPABILITY OF DISCUSSING IDEAS AND OPINIONS IN MEETINGS AND OTHER WORK SETTINGS. YOU CAN LEARN TO PUT FORWARD YOUR IDEAS IN A PERSUASIVE AND STRUCTURED FORMAT BY PARTICIPATING IN DEBATES AND BY JOINING COMMITTEES SUCH AS UNIVERSITY SOCIETIES. INTERVIEWS – YOU WILL HAVE TO DESCRIBE YOUR EMPLOYABILITY SKILLS IN JOB INTERVIEWS. TO DEVELOP INTERVIEW SKILLS AND CONFIDENCE, YOU SHOULD PARTICIPATE IN MOCK INTERVIEWS AND SEEK GUIDANCE FROM YOUR UNIVERSITY CAREER SERVICE. ALWAYS SEEK FEEDBACK ON YOUR PERFORMANCE AFTER AN INTERVIEW – EVEN IF YOU ARE OFFERED THE JOB.

In Memory of George W. Bush essays

In Memory of George W. Bush essays Do you remember? It was only three months ago, this nation was in a political frenzy attempting to decide on the future of its very divided country. Do you remember the coverage, debates, factors, television specials, and high concerns for every single political matter? Three months later, it is seemingly diminished. Now that we've taken off the "Vote or Die" T-shirts and expressed our political views vehemently, we now must look to the future of our country. And whether we like it or not, it is in the caring hands of President George W. Bush, again. Collectively, we have many memories of our current leader and his legacy on America in the past four years. Despite how we feel about him, his legacy is about to continue. As President Bush enters his second-term, his agenda to transform the outlook of this world is in full gear. Bush plans to make changes in social security, the strengthening of high schools, amnesty for illegal aliens, and making college affordable. However, one of his largest goals is the continuation of the occupation of Iraq. It's obvious that Bush is looking to create his legacy as a hero, but once again there are early reviews on his evolving legacy that are as different as the nation is politically divided. "Bush's legacy to me is a world left in sorrow, poverty, and war." says FDU junior Candace States. "The economy is in a recession and we are fighting a war beyond our means." However, FDU sophomore and New York native Francesca Lysias believes that "Bush has been negatively viewed by so many for so long." "The reality of it is that he has done much good for the country...with Bush still in office, the ends will justify the means." The legacy of Bush is aimed upon winning the war on terrorism, and to be revered as the administrator who brought peace and democracy to Afghanistan and Iraq. He wants to be the one who changed the outlook of the troubled and war-torn Middle East. Within America, Bush wa ...

Keatss chief strengths and preoccupations Essays

Keatss chief strengths and preoccupations Essays Keatss chief strengths and preoccupations Essay Keatss chief strengths and preoccupations Essay From your reading so far what seems to be Keatss chief strengths and preoccupations? At the time when John Keats was born it was said that, poets are born, not made. Poets at the time were either gentlemen from the upper class, or well educated with intellectual backgrounds. Keatss background, at the time, was definitely of the lower classes; he did not have any social advantages that many of his contemporary poets took for granted. As well as this, there was nothing, in his early life that was suggestive of his poetic talent. He had to be a self-made poet. Keats grew up in a time of upheaval in every way, a time of new political thinking, of social and humanitarian reform, a revolutionary time that had earlier spawned the French Revolution which in turned had strengthened the will to change everywhere in the early nineteenth century. These times brought with them the Romantic Movement. Romanticism was a rebellion. It was a reaction against the stiff views of poetry in the previous century, where technique was prized higher than inspiration and common sense higher than passion. The popular poetry of the period was over decorated and given to telling uninspired entertaining little tales. The poetic accent wasnt Romantic, it was romanticized. Keats wanted to be distinguished from the Romanticism crowd. Romantic poets could not escape being affected by the tendencies of their time and Keats certainly had his love for women, especially Fanny Brawne. However, in romanticized poetry the English countryside was a pastoral idyll. It was a place of great oaks looming above soft turf, warm sunlight or soft moonlight, brooks and great flower banks. While in reality it was a place of thigh deep mud, filthy animals, oppressed illiterate workers living no better than their animals and doing gruesome work in all weathers. However, a good deal of the fashionable romanticized poetry found its way into Keatss poetry too, especially in his early poems, with his lack of coherence and rhyming lead to him being overlooked by critics; his early attempts at writing long poems had failed. Much of this romanticism came about because of Keatss exposure to the work of a minor poet named Leigh Hunt. Keats picked up more of the Huntian style than his immature poetry could carry. On the other hand, Keats was an ardent admirer of William Shakespeare. Like Keats Shakespeare was an ordinary man whose poetic gift was at odds with his station in life and after an initial bout of uncertainty over his own talents, Keats quickly found his strength and he knew it; Keats knew that critical opinion was necessary for any success. Shakespeare inspired him to write his most famous poem in 1816, On First Looking Into Chapmans Homer. Although the title refers to a specific literary work, Chapmans Homer, the subject of the poem is the experience of discovery and vision; emphasising imagination as a getaway to freedom reference to Romanticism. The picture of Cortez standing on the mountaintop gazing out to sea and, specifically, the focus on visual imagery eagle eyes, stard at, lookd at, convey an almost light-headed sensation of prospect and vision. Upon reading Chapmans Homer, Keats experienced such a feeling of exhilaration and expansiveness. Keats exploits the sonnet form to reinforce the rhetorical progression of the metaphors. After eight lines that establish the general analogy between reading poetry and exploring the world, Keats focuses on the specific discovery at the heart of the poem. The colon at the end of line eight contributes to this emphasis by suggesting that the whole poem has been preparing for the image presented in the final six lines of the sonnet. (Interestingly, Keats uses this approach in many of his poems, sub-dividing them into 4,4,6.) As the focus and tempo intensify in the last few lines, metaphor is replaced by simile. In the final section, the speaker tries to convey what his experience felt like. This step into a more explicit acknowledgment of the metaphoric process corresponds with the sense that the experience was so amazing that it may elude the powers of language; after all, Cortez and his men are almost dumbfounded at the spectacle. Throughout many of his poems, Keats places an emphasis on Greek mythology and nature, a fascination that is exploited many times over. In To Autumn, for example, Keats treats autumn as a kind of god or goddess whose presence can be felt in many occurrences of late and early fall. The weather, crops, plants and animals, whilst relating directly to nature, are more subtly turned into images of the gods presence. Keats did not believe in gods and goddesses. He did, however, take a great interest in the poetry of ancient Greece and To Autumn is the sixth in his sequence of odes, poems that ancient Greeks wrote to various gods. The poem is essentially an ode to autumn and the change of seasons. Keats was inspired by observing nature; his detailed description of natural occurrences has a pleasant appeal to the readers senses Season of mists and mellow fruitfulness The beauty of autumn is emphasized through phrases like; `ripeness to the core`, `swell the gord`, ` overbrimmed their clammy cells. . Keats use of the adjective `plump` as a verb excels this `ripeness` and together intensifies the beauty, which is emphasized through the repetition of `more` and `still more`. Keats almost forces his subject at us. Towards the end of his poetic career Keats was suffering, at that time, from tuberculosis. His poems were marked with sadness partly because he was too poor to marry Fanny Brawne. Keats broke off his engagement and began what he called a posthumous existence. When I have fears that I may cease to be is an expression of Keatss melancholy. When he wrote this poem, he was still quite sick and it was obvious that his ill health was not improving. Consequently, he developed a negative outlook on life. He expressed himself with the following poem, one I consider to be among his finest. In conclusion, few poets ascend to the level of John Keats, and even fewer ascend to that level at such an early age. John Keats was only 26 years old when he died however; he was considered, along with Wordsworth, to be the Romantic poet of the 19th century. He was the archetype of the Romantic writer. While still in good health, Keats was ambitious of doing the world some good, instead of focusing on his own sensitive soul. Keats felt that the deepest meaning of life lay in the apprehension of material beauty, although his mature poems reveal his fascination with a world of death and decay.

Horseshoe Crabs, Ancient Arthropods That Saves Lives

Horseshoe Crabs, Ancient Arthropods That Saves Lives Horseshoe crabs are often called living fossils. These primitive arthropods have lived on earth for 360 million years, largely in the same form as they appear today. Despite their long history, the horseshoe crabs existence is now threatened by human activities, including harvesting for medical research. How Horseshoe Crabs Save Lives Any time a foreign object or substance enters the human body, theres a risk of introducing infection. If youve had a vaccination, an intravenous treatment, a surgery of any kind, or had a medical device implanted in your body, you owe your very survival to the horseshoe crab. Horseshoe crabs have copper-rich blood that appears to be striking blue in color. Proteins in the horseshoe crabs blood cells are released in response to even the smallest amount of bacterial endotoxin, such as E. coli. The presence of bacteria causes horseshoe crab blood to clot or gel, part of its hypersensitive immune response system. In the 1960s, two researchers, Frederick Bang and Jack Levin, developed a method of using these coagulation factors to test for contamination of medical devices. By the 1970s, their Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) test was being used commercially to make sure everything from scalpels to artificial hips is safe for introduction in the human body. While such testing is crucial to safe medical treatments, the practice takes a toll on horseshoe crab populations. Horseshoe crab blood is in high demand, and the medical testing industry catches as many as 500,000 horseshoe crabs each year to drain them of their blood. The crabs arent killed outright in the process; theyre caught, bled, and released. But biologists suspect the stress results in a percentage of the released horseshoe crabs dying once back in the water. The International Union on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources lists the Atlantic horseshoe crab as vulnerable, just one category below endangered in the extinction risk scale. Fortunately, management practices are in place now to protect the species. Is a Horseshoe Crab Really a Crab? Horseshoe crabs are marine arthropods, but they arent crustaceans. Theyre more closely related to spiders and ticks than they are to true crabs. Horseshoe crabs belong to the Chelicerata, along with arachnids (spiders, scorpions, and ticks) and sea spiders. These arthropods all possess special appendages near their mouthparts called chelicerae.  Horseshoe crabs use their chelicerae to put food in their mouths. Within the animal kingdom, horseshoe crabs are classified as follows: Kingdom – Animalia (animals)Phylum – Arthropoda (arthropods)Subphylum – Chelicerata (chelicerates)Class – XiphosuraOrder – XiphosuridaFamily – Limulidae (horseshoe crabs) There are four living species in the horseshoe crab family. Three species, Tachypleus tridentatus, Tachypleus gigas, and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, live only in Asia. The Atlantic horseshoe crab (Limulus polyphemus) lives in the Gulf of Mexico and along the Atlantic coast of North America. What Do Horseshoe Crabs Look Like? The Atlantic horseshoe crab is named for its horseshoe-shaped shell, which helps protect it from predators. Horseshoe crabs are brown in color, and grow as large as 24 inches long at maturity. Females are considerably larger than males. Like all arthropods, horseshoe crabs grow by molting their exoskeletons. People often believe the horseshoe crabs spine-like tail is a stinger, but its actually no such thing. The tail functions as a rudder, helping the horseshoe crab navigate the bottom. If a wave washes the horseshoe crab ashore on its back, it will use its tail to right itself. Never lift a horseshoe crab by its tail. The tail is attached by a joint that works similar to a human hip socket. When dangled by its tail, the weight of the horseshoe crabs body can cause the tail to become dislocated, leaving the crab helpless the next time its overturned. On the underside of the shell, horseshoe crabs have a pair of chelicerae and five pairs of legs. In males, the first pair of legs is modified as claspers, for holding the female during mating. Horseshoe crabs breathe using book gills. Why Are Horseshoe Crabs Important? In addition to their value in medical research, horseshoe crabs fill important ecological roles. Their smooth, wide shells provide the perfect substrate for many other marine organisms to live on. As it moves along the oceans bottom, a horseshoe crab may be carrying mussels, barnacles, tube worms, sea lettuce, sponges, and even oysters. Horseshoe crabs deposit their eggs by the thousands along sandy shorelines, and many migratory shorebirds, including red knots, rely on these eggs as a source of fuel during their long flights. Sources: Atlantic Horseshoe Crab (Limulus polyphemus), University of Rhode Island, Environmental Data Center. Accessed online July 26, 2017.The Horseshoe Crab and Public Health, The Horseshoe Crab website, Ecological Research Development Group (ERDG). Accessed online July 26, 2017.Limulus polyphemus, IUCN Red List. Accessed online July 26, 2017.Project Limulus, Sacred Heart University website. Accessed online July 26, 2017.The Blood of the Crab, by Caren Chesler, Popular Mechanics, April 13, 2017. essed online July 26, 2017.

Strategic-Alternative Bundles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Strategic-Alternative Bundles - Essay Example The question is directed to the whole alternative and not just certain components. On the other hand, if the check established that the strategic-alternatives are not mutually exclusive, for instance, one may have a thought to combine the first and the second strategy. Second, the bundles need to be plausible. One needs to determine if there are good alternatives and not mediocre ones, whether there are other to put into consideration. This will enable the manager of an organization to be in a better position to establish if the course of action proposed by a certain bundle is doable. Lastly, the strategic-alternative bundles need to be worthwhile. This will determine if implementing every one of them will result to success. Success means realizing a strategic intent and becoming stronger. Creating more than a few bundles is very difficult because they are not just alternatives but business models with alternative visions. This implies that these models can are extremely difficult to implement in the business. Strategic-alternative bundles need to have objective, advantage, and scope, as well as core competencies. Scope entails who the customer is offering and geographic scope. Following this further, advantage involves a sustainable competitive advantage. Therefore, choosing alternative strategies is similar to choosing alternative bundles (Stead, Stead, & Starik,

Supply chain Theory of Zara fashion retail shop Essay

Supply chain Theory of Zara fashion retail shop - Essay Example As regards its overall operations, production in a global apparel chain is claimed to be highly fragmented, as large-cross border flows of apparel is used to ensure cheap labor and inputs (Ghemawat & Nueno, 2006). In this regard, about 30% of global apparel production is concentrated in developing countries. Proximity is therefore taken into consideration when determining the firm’s production hubs in order to reduce shipping costs and lags. Playing a crucial role in managing steady production are trading companies that orchestrate the physical flows of apparel from factories in exporting countries to retailers in importing countries. Aside from this, the increasing number of retailers (primarily in the U.S. and E.U.) has increased the demand for cheaper labor in these developing countries. It has also promoted a system called quick response (QR) which is targeted to â€Å"improving coordination between retailing and manufacturing as it helps retailers reduce forecast errors and inventory risks by planning assortments closer to the selling season, probing the market, placing smaller initial orders and reordering more frequently† (Ghemawat & Nueno, 2006, p. 2). II. ... hat merchandise is produced and distributed at the right quantities, to the right locations, and at the right time, in order to minimize system-wide costs while satisfying service level requirements† (Rogers, 2001, p. 1). Another definition describes supply chain management as the working together of â€Å"inter-connected participating companies that add value to a stream of transformed inputs from their source of origin to the end products or services that are demanded by the designated end-consumers† (Lu, 2011). Some significant conceptual implications can be drawn from these two related definitions. For one, supply chain management takes into consideration every activity that has an impact on production cost and consumer’s product acceptability: from procurement of raw materials to its distribution and sales models. Secondly, supply chain management is aimed at making internal activities efficient and cost-effective (while being able to deliver its intended val ue to the customers). Lastly, the integrative approach to handling supply chain entails the combination of strategic, tactical, and operational decision-making. In this light, it can be said that the emergence of supply chain management has been brought about by industrial trends and socio-political happenings. As opined by Croxton et. al. (2001) â€Å"streamlining cross-company processes is the next great frontier for reducing costs, enhancing quality, and speeding operations. It is where this decade’s productivity wars will be fought. The victors will be those companies that are able to take a new approach to business, working closely with partners to design and manage processes that extend across traditional corporate boundaries. They will be the ones that make the leap from efficiency to super

The Strategic Importance of Human Resources Management in an Research Paper

The Strategic Importance of Human Resources Management in an Organization - Research Paper Example A growing organization should focus more on updating their human resource management policies and strategies time to time in order to sustain the growth of the organization. This paper analyses the strategic importance of human resource management for a growing organization. The Strategic Importance of Human Resources Management in an Organization Even though machines, money and materials are some of the essential resources needed for establishing or sustaining the growth of business, human resources seem to be one place above all. All the organizational resources can be mobilized only with the help of the human element. ‘Human resources’ is the brain of an organization whereas other resources are only the parts of the organization. In other words, human resources control all the other elements in an organization in a particular way to ensure the success of the organization. In short, the success of an organization remains on how well the organization is able to manage i ts human resources. Human resource management (HRM) is gaining more prominence at present because of the entry of globalization and the development of cross cultural business. Earlier, HRM focused mainly on the internal or domestic matters; however, the increasing interdependence of global economy and trade activities forced HRM to look beyond the boundaries to ensure the safe functioning of the organization. ... General HRM functions and its importance to an organization Right people at the right place at the right time are always beneficial to an organization. It is not necessary that a manager who excelled in a particular position in the past may continue to do so in future also because of the changing business climate. It is the duty of the HRM to make changes at various levels of the organization time to time in order to ensure that the right people are always at the right place. Recruitment is the method adopted by HRM for identifying and appointing talents at various vacancies arising in the organization time to time. All the organizations may have a well defined Human Resource (HR) policy in the selection of the employees. The criteria for selection of employees could be different for different organizations. In other words, the experience and qualifications prescribed for a particular post in different organizations could be different. The trends in recruitment methods are changing b ecause of the changing needs of the organizations. For example, the recruiters assessed only the clerical skills while recruiting clerks earlier; however, at present they are assessing the communication and management abilities also along with the clerical skills. In other words, the demand for all-rounders is more at present than specialists. Ricky Franklin (2008) has pointed that criminal records checks, employment verification, drug screening, education verification, reference checks, verification of professional licenses and/or certifications, motor vehicle records checks, credit history, and integrity evaluations as the major selection tools adopted by big companies. He has also mentioned about a new selection tool called behavioral

Keynesian Economic Policies before and after 1970 Coursework

Keynesian Economic Policies before and after 1970 - Coursework Example Friedman suggested that governments have a central bank monetary policy whose main aim would be to sustain the equilibrium of demand and supply of money in the economy. As opposed to the Keynesian economics which mainly focused on value stability of a country’s currency and the panic resulting from insufficient supply of money that led to alternate currency and collapse, Friedman and his monetary policy focused on stability of prices as a result of the equilibrium between money supply and the demand of money (Lipsey and Chrystal, 2007). The Keynesian economic principles dominated the macroeconomic world in the 19th century in to the early 20th century, in a period characterized by the rise of capitalism. This period is referred to as the Golden Age of capitalism. The golden age of capitalism, led by The US and other Western economic powers especially after the World War II, (from 1945 to mid 1970s) saw the rise of capitalist nations in to major economic regions of the world. K eynesian Economic Policies A prevailing economic principle in the 1930s and during the Great economic depression was that the economy would recover by itself without any interventions from the government. A British Economist, Keynesian, then suggested that governments should increase their spending and cut taxes so as to revive their economies during the depression (Eatwell and Millgate, 2011). Without government intervention, he argued that the economy would be greatly affected by high unemployment rates and would never recover. In his opinion, increasing government spending during an economic downturn would help to boost demand, as well as setting off the chain of the chain of demand by suppliers and workers whose incomes would have been affected by the increased expenditure by the government. Reducing the tax burden would also enable people to have more disposable income, which would help to boost demand in the economy. He also contended that the most appropriate fiscal policy in periods of high unemployment is to run a deficit budget (Eatwell and Millgate, 2011). Keynesian’s ideas were largely ignored by both the British and the US Governments at the time, until after the World War II (Eatwell and Millgate, 2011). After the war, Keynesians principles of a fiscal policy, government involvement in spending and cutting taxes with the aim of maintaining employment rates became the center of attraction in macroeconomics, both in the debate of national economic policies as well as in research. In the US, the Employment Act (1946) helped the government to start using Keynesian’s economic principles to regulate its economy and improve the employment rate. Application of Keynesian principles saw governments regain economic stability throughout the 1950s and 1960s as they recovered from the economic depression. The Keynesian economic theory was based on the principle of a circular flow of money in the economy (Eatwell and Millgate, 2011). This implies that when one person spends money, kit results in another person earning money. This would then raises the demand of the later, leading him to also spend the money and through buying of goods and services, leading to another person earning the money and so forth. According to Keynes, it is this circular flow of money that enables economies to function well. According to the Keynesian Theory, the aggregate demand created by

Data Communications Bluetooth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data Communications Bluetooth - Essay Example Therefore, the low transmission rate has always been a serious issue in wireless technologies and especially in case of Bluetooth it has posed serious concerns for communication scientists. However, the advancements in the areas of signal quality and strength, compression algorithms and wireless technologies have resulted in faster communications and popularity of wireless communications generally and Bluetooth technology in particular. Symmetric vs. Asymmetric & Speed There are basically two types of digital communication in Bluetooth technology; asymmetric and symmetric. In asymmetric communication, only one device transmits at a given time, whilst in symmetric communication both Bluetooth devices are transmitting information simultaneously. The technology offers different bit rates for both types of transmission. In asymmetric communication the bit rate is slightly more than 2178.1 kb/s using the Bluetooth standard 2.0, which was introduced in 2004. Symmetric communication reduces this rate to approximately 1306.9 kb/s (Huang & Larry, 2007). However, these transmission rates are not available in practical scenarios where wireless communication is affected by the distance and obstruction between communicating devices, noise in the environment, protocols being used and many other factors. The Bluetooth 2.0 Standard Bluetooth technology has considerably advanced since the introduction of 2.0 standards in 2004. Now, it is a much more reliable and robust wireless technology. â€Å"Bluetooth uses a standard 2.4 GHz frequency so that all Bluetooth-enabled devices will be compatible with each other. The only drawback of Bluetooth is that, because of its high frequency, its range is limited to 30 feet.† (Techterms,... Historically, â€Å"The word "Bluetooth" is taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Bluetooth.† The exploratory work on Bluetooth technology was initiated by mobile phone company Ericsson in 1994. Owing to its ease of use, security, availability and affordability Bluetooth technology has gained rapid fame among hardware manufacturers and the masses. The technology has now become almost a default feature in all hardware devices that supports digital communications, like laptops, PDAs, mobile phones, computer networks, etc. The major benefits offered by Bluetooth technology include: short range radio wave, inexpensiveness, availability, ease of use and configuration, high speed, multiple communication channels and security mechanisms. Sobh observes, â€Å"Bluetooth is a low cost and short range, and low power radio technology.† These benefits make the technology attractive for both personal and commercial uses, like direct and personal marketing and advertising in an area with high footfall or shopping plaza. Amor declares: â€Å"Future aspirations for Bluetooth are unstoppable because of the acceptance it has received from many big companies.† Bluetooth offers easy bridging among multiple hardware technologies and can offer quality solutions for a high-tech, fast moving world.

CPD Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

CPD Nursing - Essay Example Center of discussion in this paper is continuing professional development (CPD) as the education that professionals in various fields undertake after their formal training. It mainly consists of any educational or training activity that helps professionals to maintain, increase or develop knowledge, technical skills, problem-solving or professional performance standards. It is therefore a means through which professional can demonstrate their continued commitment to competent performance in a framework that is relevant, fair, transferrable, inclusive and formative. CPD includes self-directed activities as well as formal activities. Formal activities include conferences, workshops and courses whereas self-directed activities include directed reading and preceptorship. Learning in CPD could be delivered in group sessions within the workplace or away from the workplace or work-based programmes specifically designed to meet the needs of individual professional and their employers. Daly e t al state that the main aim of CPD is to ensure that nurses and other professionals provide improved healthcare services to their patients and the society at large. In all professions, CPD as a learning initiative could be undertaken either as an initiative of an individual professional or the initiative of professional institutions, governments or employers. CPD is related to lifelong learning in that both CPD and lifelong education involve a continuous building of knowledge and skills. They both occur through experiences encountered in the lifetime of an individual and this means that their learning objectives are meant to address their inadequacies or incompetency in some specific areas an individual has noted. Both CPD and lifelong learning are continuous. This means that the acquisition of knowledge does not have a designated ending period (Bulman and Schutz 2004). Instead, it continues as long as the individual is still willing and capable of learning. Both CPD and lifelong l earning are a result of personal interest hence learning is voluntary and self-motivated according to Quinn (1998). Learning in both cases is learner directed hence education or curriculum is designed to meet the needs of the individual and their learning objectives and not individual fitting themselves into a pre-set curriculum and learning objectives. In both cases, the individual has a chance to learn through formal experiences like counselling, training, tutoring, apprenticeship, mentorship or higher education, as well as informal experiences like mass media. CPD and lifelong education are also related in that CPD takes place throughout the working life of a professional. This means it covers the individual’s working lifespan just as lifelong learning. How CPD can improve the standard and quality of nursing practice According to Chinn and Kramer (2004), CPD is a good means through which nurses are helped to have a better understanding

Data Communications Bluetooth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Data Communications Bluetooth - Essay Example Therefore, the low transmission rate has always been a serious issue in wireless technologies and especially in case of Bluetooth it has posed serious concerns for communication scientists. However, the advancements in the areas of signal quality and strength, compression algorithms and wireless technologies have resulted in faster communications and popularity of wireless communications generally and Bluetooth technology in particular. Symmetric vs. Asymmetric & Speed There are basically two types of digital communication in Bluetooth technology; asymmetric and symmetric. In asymmetric communication, only one device transmits at a given time, whilst in symmetric communication both Bluetooth devices are transmitting information simultaneously. The technology offers different bit rates for both types of transmission. In asymmetric communication the bit rate is slightly more than 2178.1 kb/s using the Bluetooth standard 2.0, which was introduced in 2004. Symmetric communication reduces this rate to approximately 1306.9 kb/s (Huang & Larry, 2007). However, these transmission rates are not available in practical scenarios where wireless communication is affected by the distance and obstruction between communicating devices, noise in the environment, protocols being used and many other factors. The Bluetooth 2.0 Standard Bluetooth technology has considerably advanced since the introduction of 2.0 standards in 2004. Now, it is a much more reliable and robust wireless technology. â€Å"Bluetooth uses a standard 2.4 GHz frequency so that all Bluetooth-enabled devices will be compatible with each other. The only drawback of Bluetooth is that, because of its high frequency, its range is limited to 30 feet.† (Techterms,... Historically, â€Å"The word "Bluetooth" is taken from the 10th century Danish King Harald Bluetooth.† The exploratory work on Bluetooth technology was initiated by mobile phone company Ericsson in 1994. Owing to its ease of use, security, availability and affordability Bluetooth technology has gained rapid fame among hardware manufacturers and the masses. The technology has now become almost a default feature in all hardware devices that supports digital communications, like laptops, PDAs, mobile phones, computer networks, etc. The major benefits offered by Bluetooth technology include: short range radio wave, inexpensiveness, availability, ease of use and configuration, high speed, multiple communication channels and security mechanisms. Sobh observes, â€Å"Bluetooth is a low cost and short range, and low power radio technology.† These benefits make the technology attractive for both personal and commercial uses, like direct and personal marketing and advertising in an area with high footfall or shopping plaza. Amor declares: â€Å"Future aspirations for Bluetooth are unstoppable because of the acceptance it has received from many big companies.† Bluetooth offers easy bridging among multiple hardware technologies and can offer quality solutions for a high-tech, fast moving world.

Reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 52

Reflection - Essay Example In this regard, the vocabulary learning process becomes easy for scholars. Memorizing vocabulary words is another way of ensuring students learns the English language with ease. According to Echevarria and   Graves (2003), the strategy utilizes memory power in intellectual development. Additionally, the strategy enables students utilize their short-term and long-term memory and attain higher mental power. Mnemonic methods are appropriate in case some students fail to memorize vocabulary words and their meanings. Sheltered instruction concept helps English language learners to practice English skills. The practice of the skills acquired in English lessons makes the students relate the English language with other disciplines of study. In this regard, the students appreciate the English language and the vocabulary used. The teachers are able to accommodate the English language learners through introduction of new concepts into their learning lives. According to Echevarria and   Graves (2003), sheltered instruction creates diversity in the learning process. As a result, students develop their knowledge and skills on a wide array of subjects. The sheltered instruction strategy incorporates all skills of learning, including reading, writing, speaking, and listening. Grammar and vocabulary are also involved in the sheltered instruction learning. Video use is also indispensable in the learning process. It promotes recall of ideas and concepts, and betters students’ inception through teamwo rk and teacher

Ethics in International Environments Essay Example for Free

Ethics in International Environments Essay The different changes that are happening in the society greatly affect the norms and practices of people, especially those that are involved in the business sector. The existence of globalization has paved the way for business organization to expand their marketing operations outside their local countries and try targeting new consumers that are situated in foreign nations. However, in doing so, business organizations have to take into consideration the differences among nations, especially when it comes to values, beliefs, culture, legal system, and many others. In line with this, respecting and properly addressing the differences among countries also entails properly applying the decisions and business strategy of the company in such a way that it upholds business ethics. Business ethics refers to the applied or professional ethics that is used in order to identify the morality or rightness of a decision or action in ethical issues that arise in business organizations (Crane Matten, 2007). In line with this, the case study of the British American Tobacco Australia (BATA) in marketing their Winfield brand in Asia should carefully consider the ethical implications of their market expansion to the welfare of the consumers in that part of the world and also the overall effects of it in the robustness of the company. Brief Summary of the Case Study The British American Tobacco Australia (BATA) is maker of Winfield, an Australian brand of cigarette. Winfield is available in countries such as: Australia, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, UK, and Europe. The main competitive advantage of Winfield as compared with other brands is the reputation that it has wherein it boost quality along with the concept of ‘more for less’, without being regarded as a ‘cheap’ brand. The brand has showed strong financial growth starting from its launch in Australia and other international market place. However, the stricter tobacco advertising restrictions has made it difficult for the organization to market and communicate to the consumers in order to sell Winfield. Due to this, the organization decided to enter the Asian market because their tobacco laws are not as strict as compared with the United States and Australia. BATA wants to maximize the potential of the Asian market before it begins banning cigarette advertising and tobacco smoking. In order to expand in the Asian market, BATA has to practice the multi-domestic marketing strategy. The multi-domestic marketing strategy entails that business organizations have to tailor made a marketing standard that adheres to the culture and personal preference of the target foreign market of the company (Kurtz, 2008). In relation to this, business organizations also have the ability to maintain the standard quality of the product by making sure that despite the differences in the marketing strategy, it still adheres to the core value and objective of the brand (Kitchen Schultz, 2001). Ethical Issues BATA has to address different issues when it comes to entering the Asian market. First, the organization has to identify as to what degree standardize policy on cigarette advertising and promotion has to be applied across borders. Second, BATA needs to find ways in order to establish a balance between ensuring ethical marketing activities and still gaining from the freedom of communication in some international market places. BATA has to reconcile whether a global marketing strategy or multi-domestic marketing strategy is the most effective marketing model that will benefit the organization (Kurtz, 2008). The organization has to face the ethical issue that comes with marketing and selling their cigarettes in the Asian market. BATA has to deal with the ethical dilemma that marketing Winfield in Asia might place the lives of people in danger because of ill effects of tobacco smoking. In addition, the organization also has to take into consideration the exposure of the marketing of Winfield to minors. Moreover, the reputation of the company should also be given utmost consideration because their image of giving quality products with a desire to give satisfaction to customers might be threatened by a wrong marketing move. Formulation of Alternative or Possible Solution In order to properly address the ethical issues that exist and others more that might arise, BATA has to analyze their decisions and actions through the Social Contract Theory (SCT). The Social Contract Theory pertains to a wide range of theories that try to explain the idea of how people willingly give a part of their right in order to form the state with the main purpose of ensuring social order. Every individual has their own respective rights, which they freely surrender a portion of to a higher authority usually the government, in order to prevent chaos and preserve order in the society (Crane Matten, 2007). In the context of international business ethics, the Social Contract Theory allows the establishment of a framework that will help address the ethical issues in relation with Winfield. The Social Contract Theory solves ethical issue by means of the following: (1) establish core principles that are related to the organization; (2) provides recommendations for various communities; (3) examine the appropriateness of marketing practices; (4) enables the theoretical foundation of norms and values (Crane Matten, 2007). Based on the Social Contract Theory, the possible solution entails BATA should identify specific and effective core value system for the organization. In order to properly identify the decisions and actions that the organization recognizes as ethical or unethical an outline of the core value system of the organization is necessary. Another important step is for the organization to implement the multi-domestic marketing strategy that will give importance to the specific preferences of different foreign markets. The organization has to tailor-made their marketing strategy to the needs of respective foreign countries. The appropriateness of the marketing practices of the organization should also be assured by means of establishing a separate department in the organization that will oversee that the marketing of Winfield adheres to the culture, preferences, and law of the foreign market it is being catered. Moreover, the norms and values of the company should be uphold by means of making marketing ads and other promotional materials that targets adults rather than minors. In addition, BATA should place warnings about the ill effects of smoking to the health of people in the very packaging of Winfield and also, in their marketing campaigns even if the law of the foreign country does not require such. BATA has to protect the reputation of the organization and one effective way of doing so is by effectively practicing corporate responsibility (Blownfield Murray, 2008). The organization has to be mindful of their duties and responsibilities to their consumers and the society as a whole. Recommendation The Utilitarian approach to ethics is a kind of normative ethics that assesses the morality or rightness of action based on its outcome. In utilitarianism, a decision or action is ethical when it yields the greatest benefit for the greatest number of people (Crane Matten, 2007). Based on utilitarianism, BATA has to give importance to the welfare of their consumers and not only the organization’s profit in order to make their business processes ethical. By means of establishing the core value system of the organization and also by making sure that the promotion of Winfield is focus on adults together with the corresponding health warning, BATA can be able to give the greatest benefit or happiness to almost all stakeholders that are involve. The organization will gain more profit and further develop their company by means of entering the Asian market. In addition, BATA’s greater corporate responsibility will further boost the reputation of the company. In the side of the consumers, they will have more variation when it comes to cigarette choices. The consumers are also properly informed by the company of the health risks of smoking, which will give them informed-consent on deciding whether they will smoke or not. References Blowfield, M. , Murray A. (2008). Corporate Responsibility: A Critical Introduction. New York: Oxford University Press. Crane, A. Matten, D. (2007). Business Ethics: Managing Corporate Citizenship and Sustainability in the Age of Globalization. New York: Oxford University Press. Kitchen, P. J. , Schultz, D. E. (2001). Raising the Corporate Umbrella: Corporate Communication in the 21st Century. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. Kurtz, D. L. (2008). Contemporary Marketing. New York: Cengage Learning.

Consequence of Colonialism in Developing Countries

Consequence of Colonialism in Developing Countries Essay Question: With reference to relevant theories and examples, critically analyse the social, political and economic consequences of colonialism on developing countries. Word Count: 2310 words. Introduction One of the most important consequences of the World War II was the emergence of a new process of decolonization, which created a unique moment of opportunity for many developing states to achieve sustainable socio-economic development. In this context, it was widely expected that achievement of formal political independence for the former colonies would enable these states to advance an overall national progress with greater efficiency (Fieldhouse 1999, Krishna 2009, Reynolds 2000). In practice, however, the process of development has been highly uneven, sometimes leading to landmark achievements in some regions (Ricklefs et al. 2010), but more often accompanied with multiple economic problems and socio-ethnic tensions (Fieldhouse 1999, Rodney 1981, Reid 2009). This paper aims to examine complex social, political and economic consequences, which process of colonialism had on developing states. Using a world systems theoretical approach, advanced in works of Wallerstein (1974, 1996), this essay argues that colonialism as a process had far reaching impact on developing states in several ways. Socially, the creation and imposition of new fixed identities and Western principles had reshaped the traditional social institutions of the colonial states, often resulting in growing tensions and conflicts between competing ethnical and religious groups. Politically, although in some cases the inherited from the colonial times had largely benefit newly independent states to enforce development programme at the national level, in most of the cases colonialism had negative consequences, often resulting in vacuum of power, civil disorder or abuse of state institutions by the new national elites. Economically, the trade structures originally designed by metropole empires were largely retained in post-colonial period, often leading to high financial dependence of the new independent states on their former colonial masters. Thus, a thorough examination of social, economic and political consequences of colonialism from a world system approach can explain the existing pattern of underdevelopment, which is common for many developing states. This paper is structured as follows. The introductory section explains the world system approach. The main body analyses the social, economic and political consequences of colonialism process, using the above mentioned theoretical perspective. The concluding section summarizes the main arguments. World Systems Theory: An intellectual background. World system approach (WSA) can be understood as a theoretical sociological perspective, initially articulated by Wallerstein (1974; 1996) and further developed by other thinkers (Fenelon 2016), which aims to explain why patterns of underdevelopment persist in developing states once the states were able to achieve political independence. WSA is founded on the principle that in order to understand a phenomenon of underdevelopment it is necessary to examine wider global economic and political dynamics, rather than focus exclusively on each individual region and state (Wallerstein 1974, Mishra 2013). From this perspective, global history has been deeply affected by the emergence and decline of a specific world systems, which reflect to the existing form of production relations dominant at the global level within given time period   (Hobden and Wyn Jones 2017: 133; Wallerstein 1974).   The global capitalism as a contemporary world system with fixed   structures, member groups, rules of legitimation(Wallerstein 2011:374)   is driven by the principle of persistent capital accumulation (Wallerstein 1983), founded on the existence of a global division of labour (Nau 2014), whereby international system is dominated by powerful core and semi-periphery states, whose stable political and economic structures allow them to systematically exploit less developed periphery states (Hobden and Wynn Jones 2017, Hall 2000, Mishra 2013, Wallerstein 2011). Although powerful core states no longer can exercise control over developing states by an exclusive reliance on milit ary conquest due to global spread of democratic values and principle of self-determination (Reynolds 2000), they are willing to resort instead to a variety of cultural, political and economic mechanisms in order to maintain an overall stability of the capitalist world system (Hall 2000, Hobden and Wynn Jones 2017, Mishra 2013, Wallerstein 1974, Wallerstein 1996). As a result, despite regular occurrences of certain crises and structural inconsistencies, the world system displays extraordinary capacity to expand and reproduce its continual dominance, as long as it is able to guarantee stable surplus extraction and domination of the capital over the working classes (Lee 2011, Wallerstein 1996).Having defined WSA, the next section of the essay will examine social, economic and political consequences of colonialism on developing states. Economic   Consequences of colonialism As noted earlier, the capitalist world system provided powerful core states with an opportunity to exploit less developed periphery countries through systematic through draining off the surplus production, often using raw materials and natural resources of the developing countries for personal capital accumulation at the expense indigenous population (Rodney 1981, Frank 1967, Headlee 2010:15, Wallerstein, 1983). In this context, the most immediate economic repercussion of the colonialism process was the need to radically transform the existing economic structures in order to allow greater national development once the colonizers left (Shillington 1989, Reid, 2009). The problem was compounded by the fact that basic economic and transport infrastructure in newly independent states was in a disastrous condition after decades of the prolonged use by colonizers (Shillington, 1995). As a result, faced with strong electoral pressures and largely inefficient economic structures, national elites in the developing states were in effect forced to open their domestic markets to MNCS in order to finance domestic financial reform programme (Shillington 1995, Rodney 1981, Frank 1967, Fieldhouse 1999).   Despite the fact that in some cases, like Hong Kong and Singapore, such policy was successful in creating sufficient structural conditions for these states to pursue sustainable economic growth (Ricklefs et. al. 2010, Manhubani 2009; Held   et. al. 1999, Mauze and Milne 2002), it is equally important to remember that in most cases it had multiple negative financial consequences, often reinforcing patterns of exploitation and dependence for the developing countries (Reid, 2009, Rodney 1981; Shillington, 1995; Frank, 1967). For instance, once Ghana opened its economy to foreign capital, its key economic sectors were privatized by French and American corporations, making country politically and economically dependent on foreign investors. In this case, although formally independent, countrys national economy, natural resources and commodities are still being exploited by the same powerful core states (Shillington 1995). The same patterns of exploitation affected the majority of former French colonies, where the France still was displayed the ability to have a decisive say on the direction of national economic development through mixture of French currency Union and the growing role of MNCS in newly independent states (McWilliams and Piotrowski 2009, Young 2013, Shillington 1985). According to Frank 1967: 290, such policy also affected South American states, where national economies were heavily dependent on foreign capital, which took over the essential sectors of originally nationalised industry sectors . Furthermore, the former metropole states were able to exploit the national economies of newly independent states through policy of tariff and price imposition, which severely restricted national development opportunities for the periphery countries. Rothermund (2006:259) provides the example of postcolonial India, where the trade relations heavily benefit British firm and producers, often at the expense of weakening the influence of newly established Indian producers. The post-colonial states, which had refused to follow such policy, preferring instead an independent development path, were openly sanctioned, as in case of Vietnam, whose economic growth was restricted due to the sanctions imposed by the US following the Vietnam War (Kwon 2008). Thus, although nominally independent, the majority of post-colonial states were still exploited by powerful core states, which had negative repercussions for the developing countries, including the emergence of political crises, economic ins tability, heavy reliance on foreign capital and fragmentation of national economies, preventing newly independent states from achieving sustainable national development (Reid, 2009, Rothermund 2006, Shillington 1995, Meredith 2005, Frank 1967). Political Consequences of colonialism. If colonialism had important economic consequences on the developing countries, then undoubtedly long-lasting political impact of colonialism process should also be thoroughly examined. However, the repercussions of the colonialism process for the newly independent states had differed depending on the methods of political control exercised by colonial control. For instance, in case of Southeast Asian region, the colonialism had important positive impact on the developing states, since these states had inherited well-established bureaucracy and efficient administrative structures from colonial times. The classic example in this respect is case of Singapore where the governing elites  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   had benefited from powerful state apparatus, efficient administrative machinery and rule of law, which allowed the ruling elites to promote and enforce a comprehensive programme of socio-economic reform, transforming the country from one of the poorest, most underdeveloped and economically unstable nations of the world into the global investment hub (Ricklefs et. al. 2010, Mauzy and Milne 2002). In contrast, the process of colonialism had different consequences on African region. The political control over these states during colonial times was exercised by a reliance on indirect strategies of political co-optation with regional and local powerholders without transforming their bases of powers whose fate depended on that of the crown (Tilly, 1992: 24).   Such political system was seriously discredited after former colonies were able to win their independence. This gave rise to a power vacuum in most African states, whereby new national elites, often with limited political experience, popular support and inefficient political structures, were required to exercise comprehensive administrative control over large territorial boundaries   with local populations often mutually suspicious or antagonistic (Deng 2008:65 as cited in George and Hilal 2013). As a result, it is possible to distinguish different political development dynamics within African states.   For instance, in countries like Egypt, Senegal and Tanzania, a generally peaceful economic transition and political stability was achieved, once charismatic and nationalist leaders were able to pursue a comprehensive programme of socio-economic reform often through a mixture of coercion restriction freedoms of political opponents groups (Reid, 2009; Osman, 2011; Hopwood, 1991; Shillington, 1989). In contrast,   the national elites in countries including Somalia, Ethiopia and Eritrea were unable to achieve sustainable political consensus, as their reform programmes was met by disobedience, fierce resistance and in some cases armed resistance from militant and guerrilla groups with an opposite ideological beliefs (Reid, 2009). In this context, political and social machinery of the state apparatus in generally is widely discredited in Africa, since political elites and existing institutions often are viewed as corrupt, inefficient and distant organizations with little interest i n public affairs (Baker, 2009). Socio-Cultural consequences of colonialism. Having examined political and economic consequences of colonialism, it is now necessary to briefly outline the cultural repercussions of this process. During colonial times, metropole states had largely imposed their principles and traditions through policy of institutionalized racism, systematic violence and social exclusion (Cohen and Kennedy 2013) in order to convince local elites and populations that their own well-being is wrapped up in the survival of the [capitalist] system as such (Wallerstein 1974:404). For instance, Christian beliefs and ideals were imported to the African states to replace customary and tribal religion with an overall belief that only the Christian-Catholic religion is capable of changing native mentality, of giving to our Africans a clear consciousness of their duties, of inspiring in them spirit of loyalty towards colonial masters (Roelens 1930, as cited in Young, 2003: 419). Such policy had severely weakened the prospects of post-colonial unity or coali tion building, as the parties and social movements originally developed in response to imposed identities. For instance, in case of Ghana, the political system was very unstable during first several decades after independence, since main political actors were organized around traditional social divisions and cleavages, imposed by British colonizers during colonial times, viewing their competitors with distrust and hatred (Reid 2009). Likewise, French colonizers had largely ignored fundamental cultural, historical and religious complexities in Algeria, advocating instead a simplified history of countrys development as an ongoing battle between civilized and progressive Berber population against violent, chaotic, radical and uncivilized Arab ethnic groups, which severely restricted the possibility of a comprehensive national unity during the first decades after the achievement of political independence (Brandt 2014, Pfostl   2014). The most vivid example in this regards is the case of Rwanda where the German and Belgian colonizers in an effort to maintain control over countrys political and economic development had created an unequitable power distribution with one ethnic group, Tutsi, enjoying extensive administrative, educational and political privileges by systematically violating the fundamental human rights of other ethnic communities (Melvern 2009, Prunier 1997). Such policy had long lasting impact on Rwandan society, resulting in an intensification of inter-ethnic tensions between competing ethnic communities, which culminated in mass genocide in 1994, when approximately 800, 000 Tutsi civilians were massacred in 100 days (Melvern 2006, Nichols 2008). These examples suggest that principles, stereotypes and identities imposed by colonizers had long-lasting impact on the social dynamics of newly independent society, often resulting in growing ethnic tensions, societal fragmentation and in some cases, organized violence against the members of particul ar ethnic or religious group. Conclusion To conclude, this paper relied on world-systems analysis, articulated by Wallerstein, in order to examine and distinguish several economic, political and socio-cultural consequences of colonialism process on the developing countries. Economically, the colonialism process had resulted in growing dependence and reliance of the developed countries on foreign capital and investment. Politically, although in some cases the inherited from the colonial times had largely benefit newly independent states to enforce development programme at the national level, in most of the cases colonialism had negative consequences, often resulting in vacuum of power, civil disorder or abuse of state institutions by the new national elites. Socially, the creation and imposition of new fixed identities and Western principles had reshaped the traditional social institutions of the colonial states, often resulting in growing tensions and conflicts between competing ethnical and religious groups. The combinatio n of these factors suggests that although formally independent, many developing countries continue to experience problems in the above mentioned areas due to persistence and importance of negative repercussions of the colonialism process. Bibliography. Brand, L. (2014). Official stories: political and national narratives in Egypt and Algeria. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. Baker, B. (2009b). Non-state policing: Expanding the scope for tackling Africas urban violence. [Online]. Security brief, no.7. Africa: African Center for Strategic Studies. Available at http://africacenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/ASB07EN-Nonstate-Policing-Expanding-the-Scope-for-Tackling-Africas-Urban-Violence.pdf   [Accessed 15 December 2016] Cohen, R. and Kennedy, P. (2013). Global Sociology. Third Edition.   Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Fieldhouse, D. (1999). The West and the Third World: Trade, Colonialism, Dependence and Development.   Oxford, UK/Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers. Frank, A. (1967). Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: historical studies of Chile and Brazil. New York: Monthly Review Press. George, E. and Hilal, N. (2013). Africa in Search of (in)security: Beyond the bondage of boundaries.   In Bondage of Boundaries and Identities and Identity Politics in Postcolonial Africa: The Northern Problem and Ethno-Futures. ed. Ndlovu-Gatsscheni, S. and Mhlanga,   B. Pretoria: Africa Institute of South Africa, 45-61. Hall, T. (2000) World-Systems Analysis: A Small Sample from a Large Universe. In A World Systems Reader: New Perspectives on Gender, Urbanism, Cultures, Indigenous Peoples, and Ecology. ed. by Hall, T. New York/Oxford:   Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 3-29. Headlee, S. (2010). Economic History. In 21st Century Economics: A Reference Handbook. Volume I.   ed. Free, R. London/Singapore: Sage Publications Inc., 13-23. Hobden, S. and Wyn Jones, R. (2017) Marxist theories of international relations. In The Globalization of World Politics: An introduction to International Relations. ed. by Baylis, J., Smith, S. and   Owens, P., 7th Edition. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 129-144. Hopwood, D. (1991). Egypt: Politics and Society 1945-1990. Routledge: London and New York. Kwon, H. (2009). Ghosts of War in Vietnam. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press. Krishna, S. (2009). Globalization and Post-colonialism: Hegemony and Resistance in the twentieth century. New York/London: Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Mauzy, D. and Milne, R. (2002). Singapore Politics under the Peoples Action party. London and New York: Routledge. McWilliams, W. and Piotrowski, H. (2009). The World since 1945: A History of International Relations. 7th Edition. Boulder/London: Lynne Rienner Publishers Inc. Melvern, L. (2006). Conspiracy to Murder: the Rwandan genocide. Revised edition. London: Verso. Melvern, L. (2009). A people betrayed: the role of the West in Rwandas genocide. New Updated edition. London and New York: Zed Books. Meredith, M. (2005).   The State of Africa: A History of Fifty years of independence. London: Free Press. Mishra, R. (2013). World Systems Theory: Understanding the Capitalist Design.   Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies [online] 1 (3), 160-168. available from http://ajms.co.in/sites/ajms2015/index.php/ajms/article/viewFile/251/231   [12 May 2017] Nau, H. (2014). Perspectives on International Relations: Power, Institutions, and Ideas. 4th Edition. New York: CQ Press. Nichols, T. (2009). Eve of destruction: the coming age of preventive war. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Osman, T. (2011). Egypt on the brink: From the Rise of Nasser to the Fall of Mubarak. Yale University Press: New Haven and London, 2nd Revised Edition. Wallerstein, I. (1996). The inter-state structure of the modern world-system. In International Theory: Positivism and Beyond. eds. Smith, S., Booth, K. and   Zalewski, M. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 87-108 Pfostl,   E. (2014). The role of the Amazigh Movement in the processes of Political Reform in Postcolonial Algerian Society.   In The Multiculturalism and Minority Rights in the Arab World. ed. Kymlicka, W. and Pfostl, E. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 151-174. Prunier, G. (1997). The Rwanda Crisis: History of Genocide. Revised Edition. London: Hurst Company. Rodney, W. (1981). How Europe underdeveloped Africa. Revised edition. Washington, D.C.: Howard University Press. Reid, R. (2009). A History of Modern Africa: 1800 to present. Malden/Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Reynolds, D. (2000). One world divisible: a global history since 1945. New York/London: W.W. Norton. Ricklefs, M., Lockhart, B., Lau, A., Reyes, P., Aung-Twin M.   (2010) A New History of Southeast Asia. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. Rothermund, D. (2006). The Routledge Companion to Decolonization. London and New York: Rouledge. Shillington, K. (1989). History of Africa. London: Macmillan Education. Shillington, K. (1995). History of Africa. Revised and Updated Edition. London: Macmillan Education. Tilly, C. (1990). Coercion, capital, and European States, AD 990-1992. Revised Edition. Cambridge, MA/Oxford: Blackwell. Wallerstein, I. (1974). The rise and future demise of the World Capitalist System: Concepts for comparative analysis. Comparative Studies in Society and History [online] 16 (4), 387-415. available from http://www.jstor.org/stable/178015?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents [13 May 2017] Wallerstein, I. (1983). Historical Capitalism. London Verso Editions. Wallerstein, I. (1996). The inter-state structure of the modern world-system. In International Theory: Positivism and Beyond. eds. Smith, S., Booth, K. and   Zalewski, M. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 87-108. Wallerstein, I. (2000). The Essential Wallerstein. New York: The New Press. Wallerstein, I. (2004). World-Systems Analysis: an introduction. Durham/London: Duke University Press. Wallerstein, I. (2011). The Modern World-System I: Capitalist Agriculture and the Origins of the European World Economy in the Sixteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press. Young, C. (2003). Zaire: The shattered illusion of the integral state. In The Decolonization reader. ed. Le Sueur, J. New York/London: Routledge, 414-428. Young, C. (2013). The Heritage of Colonialism. In Africa in World Politics: Engaging a Changing Global Order. ed. by Harbeson, J. AND Rotchild, D. Boulder: Westview Press, 15-35.

Canola :: Botany

Canola Canola, the term that is used to distinguish edible rapeseed oil, is the major oil crop in Canada, Western Europe and Asia. It is now drawing a major interest in the United States because of the movement towards a healthy lifestyle. In 1985 the U.S. Drug Administration labeled rapeseed off as "Generally Regarded as Safe" and since then United States imports of rapeseed off have risen to over 300 million pounds per year. In 1988 when the FDA approved the name "Canola" alone in product labeling, the final barrier was removed for widespread acceptance of this oil (2). The great interest in canola oil stems from its great nutritional qualities and its competitive cost compared to other vegetable oils. The interest in canola is not recent. As early as 2000 b.c. rapeseed was noted in ancient writings. This paper is going to cover the historical, economic, agricultural and taxonomic perspectives on this subject. References to oilseed rape, called sarson. were found in ancient Sanskrit writings as early as 2000 b.c. (1). The variety Brassica campestris is thought to be the oldest variety of rapes and mustards grown in India. In China the use of rapeseed cultivation is cloudy. However, old Japanese literature indicates the rapeseed was introduced about 2000 years ago directly from china (1). In Europe, populations of rape are reported in several different areas depending on the species. Turnip rape or Brassica campestris was more prevalent than Brassica napus, which was found in more restricted areas. The domestication of these two species occurred when the "weeds" in other fields were collected accidentally which happened to be rapeseed and value was found for these oily seeds. It is thought that rapeseed was cultivated in Europe to use for oil in places where the olive tree and poppy were unknown. Thus, it was never used by the Romans (5). Seeds from these two Brassicas have been found in very old German settlements in close proximity to millstones. The cultivation of rape in Europe supposedly occurred in about the thirteenth century. The oil was widely used in the latter part of the middle ages as lamp oil where it was later replaced by petroleum oils. Seeds were also used for illumination and soap making. Reports are conflicting but some reports say field cropping occurred as early as the 17th century. In Belgium the occurrence of rape started as an annoying weed until its oil began to be used.

Case 33 †the Casino Industry in 2011

Case 33 – The Casino Industry in 2011 Brant Davis Problem Summary The Las Vegas and Atlantic City locations have lost revenues in recent years. In addition to the economic slowdown, these gambling locations are also facing new competitors in the market that are providing attractive choices to the customers. Though there are some external forces beyond their control, it seems that attractiveness and accessibility are very important focus areas for these cities. Analysis Using the SWOT analysis, we can get a broad picture of the Las Vegas and Atlantic City locations.Some of the strengths of these two cities are; the variety of entertainment they offer, the accommodations available, the atmosphere delivered, and providing a benchmark of quality service expected by the customers. Weaknesses of Las Vegas and Atlantic City are that they can be heavily affected by changes in the economy and the rising numbers of competitors. As the number of competitors rise, Las Vegas and Atlantic C ity have lost some of their business to places that are simply closer to the customers home.This has opened up some opportunities for these casino giants to make their locations more attractive and accessible to the customers and steal back some of the lost business. One of the largest threats to Las Vegas and Atlantic City locations is that it is getting much easier for the customers to gamble without traveling far. In fact, now the customers have the ability to gamble online right from their homes. Alternatives There are several courses of action these cities can take to grow. The first would be to make it even easier to get to their locations.There were times in the past when Las Vegas and Atlantic City used to basically pick the customer up and bring them into town. If it was easier for the customers to reach them, they might take back some of the business lost to more local casinos. The downside to that of course is the cost of travel would then be transferred to the casino cit ies. The real gamble here is that there are always people just looking for a free vacation, and just bringing them into town doesn’t guarantee that they will spend a lot while staying there.Another alternative is that Las Vegas and Atlantic City could both focus their efforts on the Legislation that has been keeping gambling from being legal online. Though this would require a lot of employed lobbyists, lawyers, and Politians to side with them. The con to that plan of action would that it would be hard to corner the online market so late in the game. Finally, Las Vegas and Atlantic City could focus on what it can offer to the customers that the other locations don’t. RecommendationsThough gambling is such an important part of their revenue, they should focus even more on bringing the customer in for the experiences that can’t be found anywhere else. This would require even more advertisements that give emphasis to the features of the city, and not just the slot machines. Though the retro rebranding of Las Vegas as â€Å"Sin City† seemed like the honest move, they need to make it the place for anyone to come and enjoy. Because Atlantic City has so many people within driving distance, they should focus more on picking families up and bringing them in as well.Often a family will travel on only one major vacation per year. Why not have that location be a city that just happens to have gambling. Additionally, MGM Mirage should be the poster casino for revenue. Las Vegas and Atlantic City have to get further away from the focus of gambling and make themselves the entertainment capitals of the east and west coasts. They need to advertise their cities as the places for people to escape and experience something that can’t be seen at home.They also need to lure in people with discounts and free complimentary benefits so that when the customers arrive, they can justify spending money on the entertainment. Finally, they need to have pati ence while staying aggressive. The economy is bound to improve, but they can’t just throw money into new buildings that people won’t travel to. They should slow some of the growth for the next few years and focus on advertising what they have to offer. Customers shouldn’t have to learn about all the great stuff by arriving there, they should go there because of all the great stuff they have already heard about.

Big Brother Isn’t Watching You.

Big brother isn't watching you. Big brother isn't watching you is a commentary on the UK riots in 2011, written by the famous British actor, Russel Brand. Brand is known for his characteristic British accent, several popular movies, such as â€Å"Get Him to the Greek† and â€Å"Forgetting Sarah Marshall† but also the boyfriend of the famous singer, Katy Perry. He is also a comedian, which he mentions in the commentary. It can also be spotted several places in the text, where he is some how humorous and sarcastic.For an example where he wrote â€Å"I mean even David Cameron came home from his vacation† and â€Å"I’ve heard Theresa May and the Old Etonians whose hols have been curtailed (many would say they’re the real victims) saying the behavior is â€Å"unjustifiable† and â€Å"unacceptable†. Wow! Thanks guys! † He tells us that he no longer lives i England, but moved to Hollywood Hills, Los Angeles. He was usually not that fon d of really TV, until he started working for Big Brother. It got to him, and he described it as â€Å"bloody† interesting.It was also part of his job. Brand uses the famous quote â€Å"Big Brother is watching you† by George Orwell, where he depicted a dystopian surveillance society. This phenomenon is now known as a Big Brother society. He then rewrote it, by adding â€Å"isn't†. He is referring to the UK riots, and how no one is watching, and no one is doing anything about it. The rioters are from the underclass, and are not really a part of the society. The politicians and government are from the upper-class and do not ‘see' them, even when they are rioting.Frankly, they just ignore them, and this is bothering Brand. He can somehow relate to the young rioters. He himself was from the underclass in his youth (but sure isn't now), and also took part in some protests and riots. It irritates him that no one is doing anything about the riots. His background i s also reflected in his style of writing. Like I said, he is being sarcastic from time to time. But he is also fornicating. He uses the word â€Å"fucking† twice.He is good at reaching out to the reader and makes his point, while it is still interesting. It is also his job to make us like whatever he writes, says and does. Brand's primary way of argumentation is pathos. He is making us relate to the rioters too, and is some how successful. Roughly, one could also say that he uses ethos. I am referring to the part where he quotes a British first-world-war general â€Å"You cannot rouse the animal in man then expect it to be put aside at a moment's notice†.The fact that he is using quotes, and knows that it was said by a British first-world-war general. It makes the reader trust the facts he is stating. The rioters are the real victims. They should be looking at causes of the riots, which Brand claims is the government and society ignorance and carelessness towards the y ouths. In this context the phrase â€Å"Big Brother isn’t watching you† is suitable, because Brand believes just that –the government isn’t really watching the rioters.A a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a