Existentialism in Mersault Essay Example for Free

Existentialism in Mersault Essay Albert Camus was a French writer who is also a existentialism philosopher. He contributes to the development of the philosophy of existentialism, although he refused to be associated with any ideology. His philosophical thoughts contained in his writings. Camus delivers it by creating fictional characters and dramatic events, not only in the form of thought and analysis. The idea of absurdity, or things contrary to the common view, and his paradoxically thoughts contained in his works which one them is seen in his work this novel entitle The Outsider. Meursault as the main character in the novel is described as a man who make the sense of his life in his own view. He felt that the life he lived is normal although people around him think that he is different. This is seen when she was confronted by the news of his mothers death. He was just responding to it as a natural that every human being in the world must be both experiencing life and death later on, today, tomorrow, or whenever it was. In the funeral, he shows the attitude indifferent as not wanting to see his mothers corpse, cry to her, or shows a deep grief to the attendants. Because he said, he had no reason to be sad or mourn his mother, because once again he considers this is a natural. This is seen in the quote below. Mother died today. Or maybe yesterday, I don’t know. I had a telegram from the home: ‘Mother passed away. Funeral tomorrow. Yours sincerely. ’ That doesn’t mean anything. It may have been yesterday. Camus (1982: 3) Not only on her mothers funeral, he is indifferent, but also to live a life he is very flat and unemotional. However, behind it there is the nature of honesty in him. This is evident because in every action and word he just saying what is on his mind without exaggerating or saying unnecessary. As well as Marie, her girlfriend asks him to marry her, she just say yes, but when he asked again he replied that it was not important, and if Marie wants him to marry her he would marry her. She then wanted to know if I loved her. I replied as I had done once already, that it didn’t mean anything but that I probably didn’t. ‘ Why marry me then? ’ she said. I explained to her that it really didn’t matter and that if she wanted to, we could get married. Anyway, she was the one who was asking me and I was simply saying yes. Camus (1982: 39) For Meursault he lives in this world with his own will without having to think or follow the rules set in the environment. He lived his life like what he wants without having to regret. As he revealed about a his crime that killing an Arab. While in prison he refused to hire a lawyer to help him resolve the case, but he finally agreed to use a lawyer who has been appointed by the prison authorities. He does this because he thinks he does not need defense from other people on what he has done. The lawyer had been made upset by Mersault because Meursault does not want to assert a defense or try to provide evidence to alleviate his crime. As an explanation of the existentialism humanism earlier, that no regulator or legislator but himself. Accordingly himself that he must decide for himself anyway by looking outside itself a goal of self-liberation to this man can Realize himself as truly human. In the novel Meursault refuses anyone governing what he should do and assumptions that he are wrong. He said no one or anything else that can be a regulator or legislator could influence it. He just lived his life according to his own views in giving meaning in his life and he never regretted anything he has done even though he himself did not think that what he did was the right thing. This can be seen in the following quotation. Of course, I couldn’t help admitting that he was right. I didn’t much regret what I’d done. Bus I was surprised that he was so furious about it. I’d have like to have explained to him in a friendly way, almost affectionately, that I’d never really been able to regret anything. Camus (1982: 93) He determined by the death sentence by a judge because of his indifferent of her mother’s death. The judge explain that a few days later he instead has a date with Marie and watch a funny movie with her, befriends and involves in his neighbor named Raymond revenge to Raymonds mistress, and goes on a beach vacation with both, Meursault passes tragic life as if nothing has happened. While his waiting to the day of his death sentence we can see what the true essence of life in Meursault’s view, in the rage of his thought in prison. It does not mean that he is not afraid of death, but he deals it with his own. Several times he refused to meet with the chaplain, because he thought it just wastes his time that just few remains to talk about things that are not meant for him. Meursault is told in this novel as one who does not believe in God or atheism. According to him, how he lived or what the purpose of life is determined by himself without the involvement from other people. It seen in quote below. From the depths of my future, throughout the whole of this absurd life I’d been leading, I’d felt a vague breath drifting towards me across all years that were still to come, and on its way this breath had evened out everything that was then being proposed to me in the equally unreal years I was living through. Camus (1982: 111) As if this great outburst of anger had purged all my ills, killed all my hopes, I looked up the mass of signs and stars in the sky and laid myself open for the first time to benign indifference of the world. And finding it so much like myself, in fact so fraternal, I realized that I’d been happy, and that I was still happy. For the final consummation and for me to feel less alone, my last wish was that there should be a crowd of spectators at my execution and that they should greet me with cries of hatred. Camus (1982: 113) The second quote is the last paragraph in this novel that tells the last time before his execution. In those sentences, that Meursault reveals is evident that he feels happy when he faces death. He thinks that the world is not concerned with human problems and it has similarly with him who was indifferent to the human problems that are not related to him. Thus, he thought that after his death, he will unite with the world and he will not feel lonely. Meursault also said that his life would be more meaningful if his death was witnessed by people who raining him with cried of hatred than if he dies in solitude. He thinks this will be memorized by the people who have witnessed the death. CONCLUSION From the explanation of analysis above it can be conclude that Mersault as the main character of the novel The Outsider is existentialist. It depicted by the author, Albert Camus through Mersault’s says, acts, and thoughts, which describe that Mersault lives his live with his own way and his own view. He argues that in the world there is no one or single thing that can be regulator or legislator, which can influence his life. It is only himself who knows what he should do an how he lives his life in this world. Lives the life in the world is the basic of basic structure of human existence. The conjunction in the words shows that existence of human cannot escape from his world. Impossible that man released from his world and, otherwise, the world may not be released from human who constructed it. There is also no two experiences are identical. Therefore, existence is a privately owned, that existence is not replaceable by anyone. It clearly described in Mersault’s character who is indifferent to the other things that in his opinion those things are does not mean anything to him.

Determinism Vs. Free Will Essay -- Choices, God, Determinism

Many people often wonder what influences their choices, why they do the things they do, and why the world functions the way it does. Many like to argue that people make the choices they make because things are determined by nature and nurture, no other factors. Others like to argue that people have full control over the choices they make and there are no constraining factors. In this paper I will demonstrate that determinism is false and people are not typically determined by nature and nurture to perform the evil actions they do. I will identify what determinism is, the different forms of determinism, why people find it to be true, why I find it false, and show different examples of why. I will then go on to discuss free will, the different forms of free will, and why people do things out of free will. The definition of determinism â€Å"The world is governed by (or is under the sway of) determinism if and only if, given a specified way things are at a time t, the way things go thereafter is fixed as a matter of natural law.† The root of the philosophical idea is that everything can be explained or that everything has a reason for being and being as it is and nothing else. There are also different types of determinism that people believe in. Soft, hard, and casual determinism are the three different types of determinism. Soft determinist believe that free will is compatible with determinism. They believe in determinism, but believe free will can be present. â€Å"According to this soft determinism perspective, a person’s behavior may be caused by internal psychological states that, in turn have causes, but if no immediately pressing external agent affects the behavior, the person is said to have free will,† (Ogletree&Oberle, pg.98... ...Matile Ogletree and Crystal D. Oberle, Behavior and Philosophy , Vol. 36, (2008), pp. 97-111 The Problem of Evil and Moral Indifference,Tim Mawson, Religious Studies , Vol. 35, No. 3 (Sep., 1999), pp. 323-345 Hoefer, Carl, Hoefer,. "Causal Determinism." Stanford University. Stanford University, 23 Jan. 2003. Web. 22 Nov. 2013. McKenna, Michael, McKenna,. "Compatibilism." Stanford University. Stanford University, 26 Apr. 2004. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. Moral Responsibility, Determinism, and the Ability to Do Otherwise, Peter Van Inwagen, The Journal of Ethics , Vol. 3, No. 4, The Contributions of Harry G. Frankfurt to Moral Responsibility Theory (1999), pp. 341-350 "Two-Stage Models for Free Will." Two-Stage Models for Free Will. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. The Organization of Evil, C. Fred Alford, Political Psychology , Vol. 11, No. 1 (Mar., 1990), pp. 5-27 Determinism Vs. Free Will Essay -- Choices, God, Determinism Many people often wonder what influences their choices, why they do the things they do, and why the world functions the way it does. Many like to argue that people make the choices they make because things are determined by nature and nurture, no other factors. Others like to argue that people have full control over the choices they make and there are no constraining factors. In this paper I will demonstrate that determinism is false and people are not typically determined by nature and nurture to perform the evil actions they do. I will identify what determinism is, the different forms of determinism, why people find it to be true, why I find it false, and show different examples of why. I will then go on to discuss free will, the different forms of free will, and why people do things out of free will. The definition of determinism â€Å"The world is governed by (or is under the sway of) determinism if and only if, given a specified way things are at a time t, the way things go thereafter is fixed as a matter of natural law.† The root of the philosophical idea is that everything can be explained or that everything has a reason for being and being as it is and nothing else. There are also different types of determinism that people believe in. Soft, hard, and casual determinism are the three different types of determinism. Soft determinist believe that free will is compatible with determinism. They believe in determinism, but believe free will can be present. â€Å"According to this soft determinism perspective, a person’s behavior may be caused by internal psychological states that, in turn have causes, but if no immediately pressing external agent affects the behavior, the person is said to have free will,† (Ogletree&Oberle, pg.98... ...Matile Ogletree and Crystal D. Oberle, Behavior and Philosophy , Vol. 36, (2008), pp. 97-111 The Problem of Evil and Moral Indifference,Tim Mawson, Religious Studies , Vol. 35, No. 3 (Sep., 1999), pp. 323-345 Hoefer, Carl, Hoefer,. "Causal Determinism." Stanford University. Stanford University, 23 Jan. 2003. Web. 22 Nov. 2013. McKenna, Michael, McKenna,. "Compatibilism." Stanford University. Stanford University, 26 Apr. 2004. Web. 21 Nov. 2013. Moral Responsibility, Determinism, and the Ability to Do Otherwise, Peter Van Inwagen, The Journal of Ethics , Vol. 3, No. 4, The Contributions of Harry G. Frankfurt to Moral Responsibility Theory (1999), pp. 341-350 "Two-Stage Models for Free Will." Two-Stage Models for Free Will. N.p., n.d. Web. 23 Nov. 2013. The Organization of Evil, C. Fred Alford, Political Psychology , Vol. 11, No. 1 (Mar., 1990), pp. 5-27

Personal Barriers to Online Learning Essay

Online learning or e-Learning refers to application of electronic technology for the delivery of instructional content or knowledge domains. Beamish et al. (2002), defines e-Learning as: â€Å". . . a wide set of applications and processes allied to training and learning that includes computer-based learning, online learning, virtual classrooms and digital collaboration. These services can be delivered by a variety of electronic media, including the intranet, internet, interactive TV and satellite. † In spite of the great flexibility and varied range of tools that e-Learning can provide to imparting education, implementing any e-Learning system can be a complicated and complex endeavour and online learning can be a very frustrating experience for the student as well as the teacher. A number of personal barriers affect students and teachers alike in any online learning system. Personal Barriers of Students The technology available with students determines the nature of the course content to a large extent. Students may simply not have the required bandwidth to access high-end multimedia content. The course designer has to tailor the contents to suit the technology availability of the students. This is especially true of e-Learning courses catering to international community scattered all over the world. In such cases severe constraints may have to be imposed on the utilization of technology resources available at the end of the imparting institution. The design would then have to optimized for dial-up users with at the most 800Ãâ€"600 pixel monitor screen resolutions. In fact, many universities take special care to ensure prior to registration that their respective e-Learning course content is accessible to the students. â€Å"Technical infrastructure deficiencies on the student side can impede course activities, especially in an online distance-learning environment. † (Arabasz, 2003, pp. 42) The proficiency level of the student in using ICT tools would enhance or undermine his e-Learning experience to a great extent. In the international context it would be unwise to expect uniform familiarity with ICT usage. A student, previously not exposed to ICT, will therefore not only have to handle the course requirements, but will also have to acquire the requisite skills in ICT to pursue the course effectively. From the learner perspective, literacy and IT skills and aptitude for self-direction, being confident and motivated to participate in online learning have also been identified as potential barriers to effective online learning (Australian Institute for Social Research, 2006, pp. 15). The factor that students have to study in isolation in an e-Learning system has triggered off many debates. Many perceive this isolation as a crippling obstacle to the development of e-Learning systems for higher education. Brouner and Flowers (1997) even suggested that the lack of human interactions in the incorporation of technology into higher education would have to be effectively made up by increased human contact. The e-Learning environment lacks the discipline and time regulations imposed on students in conventional education. This requires students to be more motivated, better time managers and more attentive during e-Learning sessions. The lack of the proximity and personal touch of the instructor as in a traditional classroom can create a communication chasm that both the instructor and the student may find difficult to surmount. In a situation where eye contact and proximity are limited, students cannot be disciplined nor affirmed by eye contact and body language (McKnight, 2000). Time is another constraint that affects online learning negatively. Whilst education has now extended geographically it has limited students with time restrictions (Jones et. al. , 2004, pp. 14). Trials and Tribulations for the Faculty Time is perhaps the biggest investment that the instructor has to make. The amount of time required to develop and maintain an e-Learning course is usually not anticipated by the people involved. The instructor has to spend a lot of time on restructuring and reengineering the course for e-Learning delivery. A complete over hauling is required. Instructors also need to give time for technical and pedagogical training as instructions in e-Learning differ radically from conventional approaches. Last but not the least, the instructor has to spend considerable time corresponding or communicating with students. A very important aspect of e-Learning is the views or approach of the instructor. The instructor could be trying to make the e-Learning experience as good and fruitful as the conventional classroom’s. It is a case of trying to replicate the conventional classroom in e-Learning. The second approach could be the instructor’s effort to improve the instructions through the medium of e-Learning. The instructor will have to decide on which approach to adopt, a decision that could profoundly influence the very character and quality of the e-Learning content. Technical issues can hamper an instructor’s efficiency or performance. The instructor is often not familiar with the technologies that are utilized. Development in multimedia would require knowledge of Flash, Shockwave and similar tools. It is difficult to find persons skilled in both the application technology and the field of education. The problem of technology extends to the teacher who may not be proficient in the software. The dependency on technology also tends to undermine the faculty’s confidence at times. â€Å"Are things going to work when I’m in the classroom? Will the Internet be up? Do I need to bring back-up materials on a disk? Will the last instructor have left things in good shape? These [issues] may be more basic than you’d expect, but dependability is still a major issue. † (Arabasz, 2003, pp. 41) Online Learning therefore requires very careful planning and implementation in order to achieve success.

Why does the Number of Sexual Assaults Continue to Increase in the Military - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 589 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Law Essay Level High school Tags: Sexual Assault In The Military Essay Did you like this example? The purpose of this essay is to inform you the reasons of why sexual assaults continue to increase in the military. Sexual assault occurs in the military with the combination of high stress environment, loneliness and alcohol, that possibly may end in mental illness. Which thanks to the policies, regulations and training of SHARP, the reports of assaults have increased. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Why does the Number of Sexual Assaults Continue to Increase in the Military" essay for you Create order During this writing I will give you the information of why sexual assault occur supported by articles from trusted resources. In addition, I will inform if the SHARP (Sexual Harassment/Assault Response and Prevention) training reduces (or not reduce) the risk and how do we end sexual violence in the military. Sexual assault occurs with the combination of high stress environment, loneliness and alcohol that possibly may end in a mental illness. As stated in an article by Elisabeth Bumiller from New York Times in 2007 to 2008, there was an 8 percent of increase in reported assaults, with a 11 percent of increase in combat areas, principally Iraq and Afghanistan. After this time the quantities of soldiers affected by sexual assault had a vastly increment. Given by the Department of Defense SAPRO (Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office) in 2007 the numbers of soldiers affected by sexual assault was 2,846. Last report provided (FY 17) reflect 6,769 soldiers affected. Ms. Kaye Whitley (Director of Pentagon’s SHARP office) said that the typical cases of soldiers was an assault by 18- to 25-year-old junior enlisted service member with alcohol involved. As stated in the DoD SAPRO history, In January 2005, DoD presented to Congress a comprehensive policy on prevention and response to sexual assault. The policy provides a foundation for the Department to improve prevention of sexual assault, significantly enhance support to victims and increase reporting and accountability. According to the data collected by DOD exactly that is what happened in the past 13 years. A large increase in reports of sexual assault. This clearly shows that the programs, training and policies submitted had results. The results have been more reports, it means that the trainings have not helped to lower the number of people affected by sexual abuse. But it has helped these people to get oriented and know the necessary steps, regulations and policies which protect them to help overcome any mental illness or disorders that may have been caused by sexual abuse. Sexual assault occurs in the military with the combination of high stress environment, loneliness and alcohol, that possibly may end in mental illness. Lets talk about how we can end sexual violence in the military. As stated in the article by Joseph Grenny from TIME magazine â€Å"we must start measure safety, not just assaults†. It means that leaders must begin to change the rules and not just adjudicate justice. Two good examples would be enforcing the use of alcohol in military installations and improve the track of the mental assessment of soldiers. It means that instead of a multiple answer sheet, have a proper evaluation with a mental specialist can be helpful. The combination of high stress environment, loneliness, alcohol and mental illness are the primary reasons of sexual assaults in the military. After this writing clearly conclude that the implementation of SHARP policies, regulations and training increased the number of reports of sexual assault. That helped the victims to overcome any mental illness or disorders that they may have been caused by sexual abuse. Finally, I highly recommend leadership to start looking measure safety, not just assaults and begins to start looking new alternatives to end with sexual harassment/assault in the military.